Process • Service
Service of Process in Michigan
Service of process is how the court guarantees the other side knows about a case. Without it, almost nothing else can happen.
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In Michigan, service of process is the official delivery of court papers to the opposing party. It can be done by personal service, certified mail with restricted delivery, or, with court permission, by alternate methods. Proof of service must then be filed within 91 days of the Summons.
Key points
- Anyone 18+ who is not a party to the case can serve papers.
- Methods: personal service, certified mail with restricted delivery, or substitute service with court permission.
- Service must usually be completed within 91 days of issuance of the Summons.
- File Proof of Service (MC 302 or similar) once service is complete.
- If the other party can't be found, ask for service by publication or posting.
The process, step by step
- 1
Get the Summons issued
The clerk stamps and signs the Summons when you file your case.
- 2
Pick a method
Personal service (process server / sheriff), certified mail (restricted delivery), or alternate service by court order.
- 3
Complete service before the Summons expires
Most Michigan summonses expire 91 days after issuance — don't wait.
- 4
Get the Proof of Service signed
The server completes and signs the proof. For certified mail, attach the green return card.
- 5
File the proof with the court
Without filed proof, the court won't move forward — even if the other side has actual notice.
Direct answers to common questions
Can I serve the papers myself?+
No — you cannot serve someone in your own case. A non-party adult must complete the service.
What if the other party avoids service?+
After diligent attempts, ask the court for alternate service (e.g., posting and mailing, or publication).
Does email count as service?+
Generally no, unless the court has specifically authorized email service in your case.
How much does service cost?+
Sheriff service runs $25–$45; private process servers $50–$100; publication service $100–$300+.
What happens if I miss the 91-day window?+
You usually need a second summons or to refile. Don't let it lapse.
Official Michigan resources
These links go directly to government and public-interest sources for self-represented litigants. Always verify form numbers and procedures with your local court.
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Important: Clear Path Document Services is a document preparation and filing-assistance service — not a law firm. We do not provide legal advice, attorney representation, or create attorney-client relationships. All documents are prepared based on information you provide for educational and administrative purposes.Read full disclaimer.